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リー:
いりがき:
Irigaki リー:
いりがき:
リー:
いりがき:
リー:
いりがき:
リー:
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Counting
human beings |
Counting
Thin objects (T-shirt, paper, tickets, etc.) |
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| 1 | ひとり | 一人 | hitori | ![]() |
1 | いちまい | 一枚 | ichimai |
| 2 | ふたり | 二人 | futari | 2 | にまい | 二枚 | nimai | |
| 3 | さんにん | 三人 | sannin | 3 | さんまい | 三枚 | sanmai | |
| 4 | よにん | 四人 | yonin | 4 | よんまい | 四枚 | yonmai | |
| 5 | ごにん | 五人 | gonin | 5 | ごまい | 五枚 | gomai | |
| 6 | ろくにん | 六人 | rokunin | 6 | ろくまい | 六枚 | rokumai | |
| 7 | ななにん しちにん |
七人 | nananin shichinin |
7 | ななまい | 七枚 | nanamai | |
| 8 | はちにん | 八人 | hachinin | 8 | はちまい | 八枚 | hachimai | |
| 9 | きゅうにん | 九人 | kyūnin | 9 | きゅうまい | 九枚 | kyūmai | |
| 10 | じゅうにん | 十人 | jyūnin | 10 | じゅうまい | 十枚 | jyūmai | |
| Note that, “one person” is “hito-ri” and “two persons” is “futa-ri” are exceptions. | ||||||||
| 1. Nを V(transitive) |
を is used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.
| ① | コーヒーを のみます。 | I drink coffee. |
[Note] をand お are pronounced the same. The former is used only in writing
the particle.
| 2. N を します |
The words used as the objects of the verb します
cover a fairly wide range.
します means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Some examples are
shown below.
| 1) to “play” sports or games | ||
| サッカーを します | play football | |
| トランプを します | play cards | |
| 2) to “hold” gatherings | ||
| パーティーを します | give a party | |
| かいぎを します | hold a meeting | |
| 3) to “do” something | ||
| しゅくだいを します | do homework | |
| しごとを します | do one’s work | |
| 3. なにを しますか |
This is a question to ask what someone does.
| ② | げつようび なにを しますか。 | What will you do on Monday? |
| …とうきょうへ いきます。 | …I’ll go to Tokyo. | |
| ③ | きのう なにを しましたか。 | What did you do yesterday? |
| …サッカーを しました。 | …I played football. | |
| ④ | げつようびは なにを しますか。 | On Monday what will you do? |
| …きょうとへ いきます。 | …I’ll go to Kyoto. |
| 4. なん and なに |
Both なん and なに mean “what.”
1) なん is used in the following cases.
- When it precedes a word whose first mora
is either in the た, だ or な row.
| ⑤ | それは なんですか。 | What is that? |
|
⑥ |
なんの ほんですか。 |
What is the book about? - When it is followed by a counter suffix or the like. |
| ⑦ | りんちゃんは なんさいですか。 | How old is Rin? |
2) なに is used in all other cases.
| ⑧ | なにを かいますか。 | What will you buy? |
| 5. N(place)で V |
When added after a noun denoting a place, で indicates the place where an action occurs.
| ⑨ | えきで しんぶんを かいます。 | I buy the newspaper at the station. |
| 6. V ませんか |
When you want to invite someone to do something, this expression is used.
| ⑩ | いっしょに とうきょうへ いきませんか。 | Won’t you come to Tokyo with me? |
| …ええ、いいですね。 | …That’s a nice idea. |
| 7. V ましょう |
This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an invitation.
| ? | ちょっと やすみましょう。 | Let’s take a rest. |
| ? | いっしょに ひるごはんを たべませんか。 | Won’t you have lunch with us? |
| …ええ、たべましょう。 | …Yes, let’s go and eat. |
| 8. お~ |
お is attached to various other words when the speaker is speaking politely (e.g., [お] さけ alcohol, [お] はなみ cherry-blossom viewing).
There
are some words that are usually used with お without meaning respect or politeness
(e.g., おち
ゃ tea, おかね money)